Objective: To determine the sensivity and specify of OCULAR ULTRASONOGRAPHY in detecting Vitreoretinal lesion prior to deep vitrectomy in patients with opaque media.Method: The hospital records of patients undergoing deep vitrectomy in a defined period at Shiraz Khalili hospital were reviewed. Sonographic reports given by a sinologist and operation reports Given by a vitreoretinal fellowship were compared regarding significant clinical problems in five groups: intraOCULAR foreign bodies, retinal detachment, choroidal detachment, posterior globe rupture and significant vitreous opacities. Results: From 42 sonographic reports, sensitivity of sonography was 100% for detection of vitreous Opacity, posterior globe rupture, and intraOCULAR foreign bodies; 90% for retinal detachment; and 71.4%for choroidal detachment. The specificity of sonography for all of the above mentioned Pathologies was over 80% except for determination of significant vitreous opacities that was 71.4%. Conclusion: In this five group of vitreoretinal lesions, sonographic reports were accurate and were reliable for surgical planning and decision making in our setting.

Pupillary light reflex (PLR) measurement is one of the frequent physical examinations used by emergency physicians for assessment of brain stem function and monitoring of intracranial pressure (1, 2). PLR could be abnormal due to various causes such as optic nerve damage, oculomotor nerve damage, brain stem lesion, and using central nervous system depressant drugs, such as barbiturates. . . .

OCULAR bee sting have various Manifestations.These manifestations include: Keratoconjunctivitis, Corneal, infiltration, Corneal Perforation, Iritis, Hyphema, Anterior and/or Posterior Capsular Opacification of the lens, Lens Subluxation, Mydriasis, Iris Atrophy, Optic Neuritis and Retinopathy. Treatment depends on the type of lesion and should be done without delay for avoiding other complications such as Amblyopia.Reaction, in response to OCULAR bee sting, depends on the amount of venom and patients immune response.However when the problem is only presence of the sting in the eye its extractions is not necessary because sting itself is inert.

OCULAR trauma is an important cause of OCULAR morbidity in children. At present only limited studies regarding distribution of OCULAR trauma exist in Iran. This study was performed to define epidemiologic characteristics and clinical profile of OCULAR trauma in children and to discuss management and final outcomes of such injuries. The files of 60 patients aged 16 years or younger who had been admitted for eye trauma at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital from April 2003 to March 2004 were analyzed. Sixty cases were studied. Majority of injuries occurred in the age group of 8-12 years (58.3%). There were 40 (66.6%) boys and 20 (33.3%) girls. The highest proportion of injuries occurred in streets-roads (41.6%), followed by home (25%). Open globe injuries accounted for 51.7% of injuries, closed globe for 35% and chemical injuries for 13.3%. The most common causes were pointed objects, stones, bow-arrow and accidental blows and falls. Best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 10 patients (47.9%) in closed globe group. However, only 5 eyes (16.1%) in open globe group could achieve this vision. Seventeen patients (28.3%) achieved visual acuity of 20/200 or less. In conclusion, most OCULAR injuries are preventable and occur due to unsupervised use of objects like pointed things and bow–arrow. Initial visual acuity is statistically an important predictor of final visual acuity.      

Purpose and Background: leech can adher to nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, oropharyngx, hypopharynx, laryngx, esophagus, rectal mucosa and vagina and result in hemorraghic complications, even life-threathening. We describe a patient with manifestations of OCULAR leech in festation.Patient and Findings: A leech, Limnatis, was identified on OCULAR surface attached to limbus by it's sucker in right eye of a Shepherd with history of washing his face in a stream. He had presented profusely running OCULAR surface bleeding associated with OCULAR pain and severe blepharospasm. The leech was extracted after instilling topical tetracaine 0.5%. Bleeding stopped after ten minutes of pressure patching.Reexamination by slit lamp biomicroscope revealed microperforation of temporal bulbar conjunctiva just posterior to limbal palisades with surrounding subconjunctival hemorrhage and minimal anterior chamber cell and flare. Patient began using topical antibiotic, steroid and cycloplegic agents. By the second day after extraction, patient had only a limited subconjunctival hemorrhage.Conclusion: OCULAR leech infestation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of OCULAR surface bleeding particularly in non-traumatic cases with history of recent contact with fresh water of a lake or stream in rural areas.